Empirical study of nonlinearity in direct runoff on a 100 km 2 basin
نویسنده
چکیده
One of the scale problems in hydrology is to relate nonlinearity in basin response to size and other factors. On the Sputka basin (103.4 km), three groups of unit hydrographs were identified, each group having a common shape parameter, TV, of the Nash model and each, therefore, representing one dimensionless response. The existence of the three dimensionless responses can be explained in the first place by there being different spatial rainfall patterns for the events from which they were derived. The time parameter, K, within the individual groups depends primarily on the initial flow and on the skewness of the rainfall time pattern. However, when the conditions of rainfall uniformity and of a minimum depth are strictly met, and the initial flow is in a certain range, the basin behaves in a linear fashion. Etude empirique de la non-linéarité de l'écoulement direct sur un bassin de 100 km Résumé Un des problèmes d'échelle en hydrologie est de trouver une relation entre la non-linéarité de la réponse d'un bassin versant, sa surface et d'autres facteurs. Sur le bassin versant de la Sputka (103.4 km) trois familles d'hydrogrammes unitaires ont été identifiées, le paramètre de forme, N, dans le modèle Nash étant chaque fois commun pour toute la famille, laquelle représente donc une réponse sans dimensions. L'existence de trois réponses sans dimensions différentes peut être expliquée avant tout par la variabilité spatiale de la pluie des épisodes pour lesquels elles ont été identifiées. Le paramètre de temps, K, dans les familles particulières dépend surtout du débit initial et de l'asymétrie du hyetogramme. Mais, quand les conditions d'homogénéité et d'une hauteur minimale de pluie sont remplies et quand le débit initial est dans des limites données, le bassin se comporte de façon linéaire.
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